We will be studying the industry and audience contexts for this topic and need to cover two CSPs:
One Direction: History
Arctic Monkeys: I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor
We need to study the industry and audience contexts for these products:
Industry: how music video is produced and marketed and how this has changed over time.
Audience: Target audience and audience pleasures. How the internet has changed the position of the audience.
PLUS: Historical, cultural and social significance of the music videos and the impact of the internet on the music industry.
Music video will appear in Paper 1, Section B of Exam
Section B is only on INDUSTRIES and AUDIENCES and will consist of:
1 short answer question
2 medium answer questions – one on audience, one on industry
1 extended essay style question on one of the media forms we have studied, possibly Music Video.
These essay questions will require you to make judgements and draw conclusions.
Music video: introduction and history
Music video key conventions
Music videos typically feature movement – often fast paced either in terms of actors, camerawork or editing. Many contain a performance element or narrative. Music videos can also feature visual effects and intertextuality.
Music videos were originally designed as a promotional device to sell the band or artist’s music but have developed over time to become a recognised artform or product in their own right. Modern music videos no longer have the huge budgets of the 1980s and 1990s but digital media means they are now more accessible than ever. Videos such as Psy’s Gangnam Style have received over 3 billion views on YouTube.
Intertextuality
Intertextuality is when one media text references another media text – through genre, conventions, mise-en-scene or specific cultural references.
Music videos often use intertextual references – often to classic films but also to television, popular culture, news, videogames or even other music videos.
Intertextuality
Intertextuality is when one media text references another media text – through genre, conventions, mise-en-scene or specific cultural references.
Music videos often use intertextual references – often to classic films but also to television, popular culture, news, videogames or even other music videos.
Music video history
Originally, music videos were made like mini ‘films’ of the bands performing (e.g. The Beatles, Elvis)
MTV was launched in 1981 as a platform for music videos and the first music channel on television. Programs such as BBC show Top of The Pops also showcased music videos from the charts alongside ‘live’ stage performances.
In the 1980s and 1990s big budgets were spent on producing innovative and creative music videos such as Michael Jackson’s Thriller that had a film narrative, a well known director and featured intertextuality (horror films)
Music video in the digital age
In 2005 the launch of Youtube changed the way that consumers access and enjoy music video. Now self-promotion is more common.
The rise of new and digital media paved the way for bands such as One Direction ‘manufactured’ by the industry and increasingly promoted through convergence on social media to maximise profits for the record companies.
Other artists were able to make it big thanks to YouTube, digital media and fans' word of mouth:
Problems with piracy
Other artists were able to make it big thanks to YouTube, digital media and fans' word of mouth:
Problems with piracy
Piracy became a huge problem for the music industry as they could not keep up with illegal downloading and streaming services where fans shared content for free. Eventually, the 2000s saw the rise of streaming services with subscriptions such as Spotify, Apple Music, Beats Music and (most recently) Youtube Music. This has allowed the music industry to start making money again from audiences buying (access to) music.
New platforms and music apps on smart phones mean that listeners are now becoming one-device consumers and using their phones for all media access. This is an example of digital convergence as audiences can access all media products on one device (usually their phone).
Introduction to Music Video: Blog tasks
Answer the questions below to complete your introduction to the Music Video topic:
1) What are the key conventions of music video?
2) What is intertextuality?
3) When did music videos first become a major part of the music industry?
4) What launched in 1981 and why were music videos an important part of the music industry in the 1980s and 1990s?
5) How are music videos distributed and watched in the digital age?
6) Why was piracy (illegal downloading on the internet) a problem for the music industry?
7) What digital services did the music industry set up to combat the threat of piracy and illegal downloading? Give examples.
8) What is digital convergence?
Extension tasks
Read this Guardian feature asking whether YouTube is good or bad for the music industry. What is your opinion on this crucial question?
Read this Guardian feature on how videogames are now more important than music videos for breaking new artists. Do you agree videogames are now more influential than music videos?
Due: next Monday
Answer the questions below to complete your introduction to the Music Video topic:
1) What are the key conventions of music video?
2) What is intertextuality?
3) When did music videos first become a major part of the music industry?
4) What launched in 1981 and why were music videos an important part of the music industry in the 1980s and 1990s?
5) How are music videos distributed and watched in the digital age?
6) Why was piracy (illegal downloading on the internet) a problem for the music industry?
7) What digital services did the music industry set up to combat the threat of piracy and illegal downloading? Give examples.
8) What is digital convergence?
Extension tasks
Read this Guardian feature asking whether YouTube is good or bad for the music industry. What is your opinion on this crucial question?
Read this Guardian feature on how videogames are now more important than music videos for breaking new artists. Do you agree videogames are now more influential than music videos?
Due: next Monday
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